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World Health Organization Oral Health Database (2012) – “Tooth decay trends in fluoridated and non-fluoridated countries ” – Caries are declining regardless of fluoridation status – reference Fluoride Action Network .
Community Dentristry & Oral Epidemiology (1999) – “ Prevention and reversal of dental caries: role of low level fluoride ” – The level of fluoride incorporated into dental mineral by systemic ingestion is insufficient to play a significant role in caries prevention. The effect of systemically ingested fluoride on caries is minimal.
American Chemical Society Journal of Surfaces and Colloids – Langmuir (2010) : “Elemental depth profiling of fluoridated hydroxyapatite: saving your dentition by the skin of your teeth ” – Fluorapatite “protective” surface on tooth enamel resulting from fluoridation is 6 nanometers thick – too thin to protect teeth
Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology (2001) – “Patterns of dental caries following the cessation of water fluoridation ” – Caries improve in British Columbia after halting fluoridation
Caries Research (2000) : “Caries trends 1992-1998 in two low-fluoride Finnish towns formerly with and without fluoridation ” – Caries rates constant in Finland after halting fluoridation.
Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology (2000) – “Decline of caries prevalence after the cessation of water fluoridation in the former East Germany ” – Caries rates improve in former East Germany after halting fluoridation
Journal of Dental Research (2000) – “The effects of a break in water fluoridation on the development of dental caries and fluorosis ” – Eleven month fluoridation halt in Durham, North Carolina has no effect on caries, but reduces fluorosis
Caries Research (2000) – “Caries prevalence after cessation of water fluoridation in La Salud, Cuba ” – Caries decline in La Salud, Cuba after halting fluoridation
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (2011) – “Fluoride consumption and its impact on oral health ” – Caries occur at equivalent rates in children with and without dental fluorosis
New Zealand Dental Journal (1998) – “The decline of caries in New Zealand over the past 40 years ” – Caries decline in fluoridated and non-fluoridated areas after halting fluoridation
Australian & New Zealand Journal of Public Health (1997) – “New evidence on fluoridation ” – Carries prevention occurs on tooth surfaces before swallowing fluoridated water
Australian & New Zealand Journal of Public Health (2010) – “Child dental health differences in New Zealan d ” – Child caries rate does not correlate with fluoridation of drinking water
Fluoride (1990) – “Water fluoridation and tooth decay: Results from the 1966-1987 National Survey of U.S. Schoolchildren ” – Caries rates don’t vary in fluoridated, non-fluoridated, and partially-fluoridated areas of the US
Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology (1994) – “Water fluoridation: current effectiveness and dental fluorosis ” – Effectiveness of water fluoridation is declining
Caries Research (2004) – “Systemic versus Topical Fluoride ” – The caries-preventive effect of fluoride is almost exclusively after teeth have developed.
Biostatistics (2005) – “A Bayesian analysis of multivariate doubly-interval-censored dental data ” – No convincing effect of fluoride-intake on caries development
Journal of Public Health Dentistry (2007) – “Effectiveness of School Water Fluoridation and Dietary Fluoride Supplements in School-aged Children ” – Declining difference in caries rates for fluoridated vs. non-fluoridated areas
Journal of Dental Research (1992) – “Fluoride concentrations in plaque, whole saliva, and ductal saliva after application of home-use topical fluorides ” – Primary anti-caries benefit of fluoride is from topical action
Journal of Dental Research (2000) – “International Collaborative Research on Fluoride ” – Anticaries effects of fluoride are almost exclusively topical. Potential systemic effects on dental caries are less clear, and are being researched. (Pg 4)
Caries Research (1997) – “Randomized clinical trial of the effect of prenatal fluoride supplements in preventing dental caries ” – Prenatal fluoride has negligible effect on preventing caries
Centers for Disease Control (1999) – “Achievements in Public Health, 1900-1999: Fluoridation of Drinking Water to Prevent Dental Caries ” – “Laboratory and epidemiologic research suggests that fluoride prevents dental caries predominately after eruption of the tooth into the mouth, and its actions primarily are topical for both adults and children”