Public Health Service (1995) – “Fluoridation Census” – Flint’s water was first fluoridated, using fluorosilicic acid, in August 1967. The water was supplied by Detroit, see Page 443. Editor’s note: Based on the peer-reviewed research cited by this website, Flint’s lead poisoning likely became chronic when fluoridation commenced in 1967.
Erin Brockovich and Integrated Resource Management Inc. (February/October 2015) – “Facebook and MLive” – The treatment chemicals used with Flint River water created a “perfect storm” brew of chemicals in Flint’s water distribution and premise plumbing systems. Fluorosilicic acid; chloramine (formed by adding ammonia with chlorine); galvanic corrosion resulting from partial lead service lines; and biofilm degradation combined to increase leached lead by orders of magnitude, as documented in the peer-reviewed studies cited throughout this website.
Michigan’s mandatory fluoridation law (1968, revised 1974, 1995, 2011) – “Act 346 of Michigan Public Acts of 1968” – The county, city, township or village, or any combination thereof supplying water to the public, to which water fluoride is not presently added and which may be consumed by humans, shall add fluoride to such water in the manner and amount to be prescribed by the department of public health within five years.
Flint’s fluoridation ordinance (1967) – “Section 46-31” – The Water Division of the Department of Public Works and Utilities, in cooperation with the Department of Public Health, is hereby authorized and directed to institute fluoridation of the water supply of the City, in the approximate amount of one part fluoride to every million parts of water.
Flint Water Study (Virginia Tech faculty/students, 2015) – “Hazardous Waste-levels of Lead found in a Flint household’s water” Tap water lead levels reached 13,200 μg/L. Web editor’s note: The cited peer-reviewed science identifies factors generating tap water with extreme lead contamination, primarily: a) Utilities combining fluorosilicic acid and chloramine, b) Galvanic corrosion in the upstream lead service lines and distribution piping, and c) Standard brass plumbing components.
American Journal of Public Health (2008) – “The Lead Industry and Lead Water Pipes – a Modest Campaign” Fraudulent lobbying campaign by the “Lead Industries Association” prolonged the use of lead pipe in U.S. plumbing and water distrbution systems long after it’s threat to human health became widely recognized.
Fluoride-Free Flint 